Mangiferin alleviates hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis in rat primary cultural cardiomyocytes / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of mangiferin on the apoptosis of rat primary cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia. Methods Rat primary cardiomyocytes were separated and cultured under aseptic condition. Cardiomyocytes were treated with hypoxia of 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, and then the time of hypoxia of cardiomyocyte apoptosis model was determined according to the apoptosis outcome.The cardiomyocytes were divided into normal group, hypoxia group and mangiferin intervention group, each group was subjected to 3 batches in parallel, and 3 holes were done in parallel with each batch. After the experiment, cardiomyocytes apoptosis was deteced by flow cytometry;apoptosis protease caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity in cell lysates was detected by spectrophotometry;the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. Results After treated with hypoxia for 12 h, the cardio-myocytes apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the apoptosis protease caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity was increased markedly (P＜0.05), the protein expression of proapoptotic protease Bax was increased notablely (P＜ 0.05 ) , and the protein expression of anti apoptotic protease Bcl-2 was decrease memorably (P＜0.05) in hypoxia group as compared with those in the control group. After mangiferin intervention, above indexes in mangiferin group can be significantly relieved as compared with those in the hypoxia group. Conclusions Mangiferin can significantly inhibit the apoptosis of rat primary cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia.

Application of robot-assisted laparoscope in partial nephrectomy / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To discuss the application experience of Da Vinci Surgical System ( DVSS)-assisted laparoscope in partial ne-phrectomy. Methods Nursing methods for the 170 patients to receive partial nephrectomy with laparoscope in the Urinary Surgery and the measures taken against the complications. Results The operations for the 170 patients were finished smoothly, with the average time of oper-ation being 130 min, the average warm ischemic time being less than 25 min, the average amount of bleeding being 100 mL, the average time of renal artery blocking being 36 min and the average intestinal recovery time after operation being 1. 9d;in addition, no conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred due to mechanical failure or other cause. After operation, the average hospital stay was 6d and there were no adverse reactions such as bleeding, leakage of urine, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Through clinical follow-up in 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, no significant change was found in renal function, no delayed renal hemorrhage and no acute renal failure. Conclusion In addition to common characteristics as traditional operation, the robot-assisted operation has its own characteristics. Prepara-tion for special surgical articles, effective communication with the patients, active cooperation and communication among the operation team before operation, cooperation during operation and care after operation, as well as mastery of the subsystems of the robot are the key to ensure a successful operation.

Anesthetic management of conjoined twins undergoing one-stage surgical separation: a single center experience

Objective: To summarize our experience in the anesthetic management of conjoined twins undergoing one-stage surgical separation

Methodology: Medical records of conjoined twins admitted to our hospital for treatment and considered for surgical separation from 1996 to present were retrospectively reviewed. Four cases of conjoined twins underwent one-stage surgical separation under general anesthesia. Preoperative evaluation was performed to determine the extent of anatomical conjunction and associated anomalies. Anesthesia was simultaneously induced in all conjoined twins. The intubation procedure was successfully performed with the head slightly rotated to each baby's side, followed by the administration of vecuronium. Anesthetic agents were administered according to the estimated weight of each baby. One case of conjoined twins underwent surgical separation with cardiopulmonary bypass due to shared hearts

Results: All conjoined twins were successfully separated. No significant respiratory or cardiac events occurred during surgery except for one twin, which died after separation because of complicated congenital heart disease

Conclusions: Accurate preoperative evaluation, respiratory and circulatory management, and close cooperation of the multidisciplinary team are important aspects of anesthetic management of conjoined twins surgery

Anesthetic management of a scleroderma patient undergoing tricuspid valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass

Scleroderma is a multisystem disease that starts with the inflammation and atrophy of small blood vessels and leads to fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. The pathological effects of the disease on various organ systems significantly impact aspects of anesthetic management. In this article, we describe the general anesthetic management of a scleroderma patient undergoing tricuspid valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. We also review for the anesthesiologist perioperative considerations particular to this disease, especially the selection of anesthetic type, method of tracheal intubation, and establishment of venous access. The management of pulmonary hypertension and other anesthesia-related complications during the perioperative period are also discussed.

Effect of orexin-A on recovery from ketamine anesthesia in aged rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of orexin-A on the recovery and cognitive function of aged rats after ketamine anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-five aged rats were divided randomly into control group, model control group, 1 nmol/L Orexin-A group, and 4 nmol/L Orexin-A group. In the latter 3 groups, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine at 100 mg/kg, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Ten minutes after the injections, the rats received intraventricular injections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control and model control group) or of 10 microl 1 or 4 nmol/L Orexin-A as indicated. The behavioral changes of the rats were assessed by the duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR). Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were used to evaluate the changes in rat brain activity by comparison of the percent of sigma wave in EEG before and after the intraventricular injections. Morris water maze was used to test the learning and spatial localization abilities of the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ketamine resulted in obvious impairment of learning and memory abilities of the aged rats. Orexin-A at 4 nmol/L induced significant decrease in the duration of LORR and marked reduction of sigma activities in anesthetic rats (P<0.05), and obviously improved the learning and spatial localization abilities of the rats after anesthesia (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Orexin-A can promote the recovery and improve the cognitive function of aged rats after ketamine anesthesia.</p>

Effect of terbutaline on alveolar liquid clearance after oleic acid-induced lung injury in rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether terbutaline affects alveolar liquid clearance after oleic acid-induced lung injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty healthy Wistar rats (weighing 250-280 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n=8 in each group): the normal control group (control group), oleic acid injury group (injury group), terbutaline-treated group (terbutaline group), terbutaline plus amiloride-treated group (terbutaline+amiloride group) and terbutaline plus ouabain-treated group (terbutaline+ouabain group). Acute lung injury model was induced by intravenous oleic acid (0.25 ml/kg body weight). 24 hours later, 1.5 microCi (125) I-labeled 5% albumin solution (5 ml/kg body weight) was dripped into the lungs through trachea. The alveolar liquid clearance rate, extravascular lung water content, and arterial blood gas were measured 1 hour thereafter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 24 hours after infusion of oleic acid, the rats developed pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia, with the alveolar liquid clearance rate decreased by 49.2% and the extravascular lung water content elevated by 47.9%. Compared with the rats in the injury group, terbutaline (10(-4) mol/L) significantly increased the alveolar liquid clearance rate, decreased the extravascular lung water content and improved hypoxemia. The effect of terbutaline was partly blocked by amiloride and ouabain, which were inhibitors of sodium transport. Terbutaline increased the alveolar liquid clearance rate by 63.7%, and amiloride and ouabain reduced the alveolar liquid clearance rate by 54.7% and 56.8%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Terbutaline can accelerate alveolar liquid clearance through increasing sodium transport to attenuate pulmonary edema, thus improving gas exchange, which may have therapeutical effect on pulmonary edema after acute lung injury.</p>

Changes in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, hemorrhage and plasma exudation in the pulmonary tissue in rats with smoke inhalation injury / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the different velocity of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration, erythrocyte diapedesis and plasma exudation into the pulmonary tissue of the rats inflicted with smoke inhalation injury, so as to explore the different mechanisms of their existence in rat pulmonary tissue after inhalation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat smoke inhalation injury model was employed in the study. Wistar rats were inflicted with smoke inhalation injury, and then sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 post injury hours (PIH). 131I-BSA, 99mTc-PMN or 99mTc-erythrocytes (RBC) were injected into rat pulmonary tissue 1 hour before sacrifice. Isotonic saline was infused into blood vessel to wash out circulation blood. Then the pulmonary tissue samples were harvested for gamma-value counting and then weighed. The infiltration of 131I-BSA, 99mTc-PMN or 99mTc-RBC in pulmonary tissue per gram and per minute was calculated, and MPO content was measured by phosphate T-tolidine method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amount of RBC diapedesis in rat lung tissue peaked at 1 PIH, decreased thereafter and approached to normal level at 24 PIH. The amount of PMN infiltration increased at 3 PIH, slightly decreased at 6 PIH but still higher than that in normal tissue, and increased again at 24 PIH. The pulmonary tissue content of MPO gradually increased from 1 PIH to 24 PIH. The pulmonary tissue content of 131I-BSA began to increase at 1 PIH and peaked at 6 PIH, and remained higher than that in normal tissue till 24 PIH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Even though there was remarkable postburn increase in the erythrocyte diapedesis, neutrophil infiltration and albumin exudation with different peak time points (1, 3 and 6 PIH, respectively), Inflammation seemed not to be the premise of erythrocyte diapedesis, while the secondary inflammatory reaction might be the main cause of pulmonary edema.</p>

Changes in liquid clearance of alveolar epithelium after oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Impaired active fluid transport of alveolar epithelium may involve in the pathogenesis and resolution of alveolar edema. The objective of this study was to explore the changes in alveolar epithelial liquid clearance during lung edema following acute lung injury induced by oleic acid.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., injured, amiloride, ouabain, amiloride plus ouabain and terbutaline groups. Twenty-four hours after the induction of acute lung injury by intravenous oleic acid (0.25 ml/kg), 5% albumin solution with 1.5 microCi (125)I-labeled albumin (5 ml/kg) was delivered into both lungs via trachea. Alveolar liquid clearance (ALC), extravascular lung water (EVLW) content and arterial blood gases were measured one hour thereafter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 24 h after the infusion of oleic acid, the rats developed pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia, with EVLW increased by 47.9% and ALC decreased by 49.2%. Addition of either 2x10(-3) M amiloride or 5x10(-4) M ouabain to the instillation further reduced ALC and increased EVLW. ALC increased by approximately 63.7% and EVLW decreased by 46.9% with improved hypoxemia in the Terbutaline (10(-4) M) group, compared those in injured rats. A significant negative correlation was found between the increment of EVLW and the reduction of ALC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Active fluid transport of alveolar epithelium might play a role in the pathogenesis of lung edema in acute lung injury.</p>